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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 235-243, Abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231689

RESUMO

Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proporcionar normas y ajustes para edad, educación y género para el Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), la Figura Compleja Modificada de Taylor (FCMT) y el Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) como parte del proyecto NEURONORMA-Plus. Método: La muestra consiste en 308 individuos cognitivamente sanos de entre 18 y 92 años. Se proporcionan tablas para convertir las puntuaciones brutas en puntuaciones escalares ajustadas por edad y ajustes por educación y género tras aplicar modelos de regresión independientes en 2 grupos de edad (< 50 y ≥ 50 años). Resultados: La edad tuvo un efecto negativo en el rendimiento en ambos grupos etarios. Observamos un efecto positivo de la educación en el rendimiento del WCST en el grupo más joven (< 50 años), y en todas las medidas del FCMT (con la excepción de la tarea de reconocimiento) en el grupo de mayor edad (≥ 50 años). La educación no influyó en el rendimiento en el RULIT, pero sí el género, que tuvo un efecto leve, aunque significativo, mostrando los hombres jóvenes un mayor rendimiento en una variable. Conclusión: Los datos normativos aportados pueden contribuir en la interpretación clínica del rendimiento en estas pruebas en población española.(AU)


Objective: The present study aims to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project. Methods: We recruited 308 cognitively healthy individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores, as well as adjustments for education and sex after applying independent regression models in 2 age groups (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). Results: Older age had a negative effect on performance in both age groups. We observed a positive effect of education on WCST performance in the younger group (< 50 years), and on all MTCF measures (with the exception of the recognition task) in the older group (≥ 50 years). Education had no impact on performance in the RULIT, although sex did, with a small but significant effect whereby young men showed higher performance for one variable. Conclusion: The normative data provided can contribute to the clinical interpretation of performance in these tests in the Spanish population.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cognição , Função Executiva , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fatores Culturais , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Espanha
2.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2023 Jul 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37442426

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project. METHODS: We recruited 308 cognitively healthy individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores, as well as adjustments for education and sex after applying independent regression models in 2 age groups (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). RESULTS: Older age had a negative effect on performance in both age groups. We observed a positive effect of education on WCST performance in the younger group (< 50 years), and on all MTCF measures (with the exception of the recognition task) in the older group (≥ 50 years). Education had no impact on performance in the RULIT, although sex did, with a small but significant effect whereby young men showed higher performance for one variable. CONCLUSION: The normative data provided can contribute to the clinical interpretation of performance in these tests in the Spanish population.

3.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2021 Sep 20.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34556335

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to provide norms and age-, education-, and sex-adjusted data for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Modified Taylor Complex Figure (MTCF), and the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test (RULIT) as part of the NEURONORMA-Plus project. METHODS: We recruited 308 cognitively healthy individuals aged between 18 and 92 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores, as well as adjustments for education and sex after applying independent regression models in 2 age groups (<50 and ≥50 years). RESULTS: Older age had a negative effect on performance in both age groups. We observed a positive effect of education on WCST performance in the younger group (<50 years), and on all MTCF measures (with the exception of the recognition task) in the older group (≥50 years). Education had no impact on performance in the RULIT, although sex did, with a small but significant effect whereby young men showed higher performance for one variable. CONCLUSION: The normative data provided can contribute to the clinical interpretation of performance in these tests in the Spanish population.

4.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-980302

RESUMO

El presente artículo enumera una serie de procesos psicológicos vinculados con la respuesta que se ocasiona en los individuos frente a una omisión o supresión de un refuerzo esperado. Se discute la relevancia y complejidad de dicho proceso a la luz de las posibles áreas de estudio que involucra la conducta de frustración en humanos.


The present article mentions a serie of psychological processes related to the response that occurs in individuals against an omission or suppression of an expected reinforcement. The relevance and complexity of this process are discussed in light of the possible areas that are involved in the frustration behavior in humans.


Assuntos
Humanos , Humanos , Frustração , Personalidade , Emoções
5.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 6(1): 34-41, jul. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-609935

RESUMO

Las funciones cognitivas, como el aprendizaje, la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas, son afectadas por las hormonas esteroides sexuales. El objetivo fue evaluar el perfil cognoscitivo en personas transexuales hombre a mujer (TH-M) en presencia y ausencia de tratamiento hormonal con estrógenos. Participaron un total de 54 sujetos. El grupo experimental fue de 22 pacientes TH-M, dividido en dos grupos: con tratamiento hormonal (n=9) y sin tratamiento hormonal (n=13). El grupo control fue conformado por hombres (n=16) y mujeres (n=16), pareados en edad y escolaridad. Evaluados con la batería NEUROPSI: Atención y Memoria (Ostrosky-Solís, Gómez, Matute, Roselli, Ardila & Pineda, 2003). Los grupos transexuales tuvieron mejores puntajes que los controles en atención inmediata y en formación de categorías, pero mostraron menores puntajes que los controles en codificación de material visoespacial y de caras, en memoria verbal inmediata y evocada. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas entre meses de tratamiento y la codificación visoespacial, memoria para caras y memoria verbal. Los resultados sugieren que las hormonas sexuales tienen efectos organizadores y activadores sobre la cognición.


Mental functions, including learning, executive functions and memory, are susceptible to be affected by sexual steroids hormones. The objective was to evaluate the cognitive profile of transsexual’s male to female (TM-F) in presence and absence of hormonal treatment with estrogens. A total of 54 subjects participated. The experimental group was conformed by 22 patients in condition transsexual male to female, divided in two groups: with hormonal treatment (n=9) and without hormonal treatment (n=13). The control group was conformed by heterosexual men (n=16) and women (n=16) paired in age and schooling to the experimental group. Subjects were evaluated by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, NEUROPSI: Attention and Memory (Ostrosky-Solís, Gómez, Matute, Roselli, Ardila & Pineda, 2003). Transsexual’s groups performed better than controls in immediate attention, category formation, but worse than controls in visuospatial codification, faces, recall and immediate verbal memory. Negative correlations were founded between treatment months in visuospatial codification, faces, and verbal memory.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Cognição , Função Executiva , Estrogênios/administração & dosagem , Transexualidade/psicologia , Transexualidade/tratamento farmacológico , Aprendizagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Feminização , Memória , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Procedimentos de Readequação Sexual
6.
Colomb. med ; 39(1): 107-116, ene.-mar. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-573193

RESUMO

La insulina es una hormona con efectos sobre el metabolismo y crecimiento normal de muchas células del cuerpo. En las últimas décadas se han descubierto, ademas, sus efectos sobre funciones del sistema nervioso central: modulación del ciclo apetito-saciedad, función reproductiva, liberación de neurotransmisores, supervivencia neuronal y plasticidad sinoptica. Las evidencias obtenidas desde modelos animales y hallazgos neuropatológicos han permitido entender parte de los mecanismos que asocian a la señal de la insulina con enfermedades neurodegenerativas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer. En este artículo se revisarán las acciones de la insulina sobre el hipotálamo, la supervivencia neuronal, la plasticidad sinoptica y por último, las implicaciones de estos conocimientos en la comprensión de procesos degenerativos del sistema nervioso central como la enfermedad de Alzheimer.


Insulin acts on metabolisms and normal growth. In the past decades, its effects on central nervous system functions, such as: appetite-satiety cycle modulation, reproductive function, neurotransmitter release, neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity have been discovered. Evidences got from animal models and neuropathologic findings, have elucidated a fraction of the mechanism that associates insulin signal with neurodegenerative syndromes, like Alzheimer disease. Here, insulin action on hypothalamus, neuron survival, synaptic plasticity and implications of this knowledge on understanding degenerative process of central nervous system particularly Alzheimer disease, will be reviewed.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Sobrevivência Celular , Hipotálamo , Insulina , Aprendizagem , Memória , Receptor de Insulina
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